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| 1752 |
| | | Benjamin Franklin flies a kite into a thunder cloud to demonstrate the nature of electricity | |
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| 1754 |
| | | Scottish chemist Joseph Black identifies the existence of a gas, carbon dioxide, which he calls 'fixed air' | |
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| 1758 |
| | | A comet returns exactly at the time predicted by English astronomer Edmond Halley, and is subsequently known by his name | |
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| 1761 |
| | | Scottish chemist and physicist Joseph Black observes the latent heat in melting ice | |
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| 1761 |
| | | Austrian physician Joseph Leopold Auenbrugger describes his new diagnostic technique – percussion, or listening to a patient's chest and tapping | |
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| 1761 |
| | | Italian anatomist Giovanni Battista Morgagni publishes De Sedibus, the work that introduces scientific pathology | |
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| 1766 |
| | | English chemist Henry Cavendish isolates hydrogen but believes that it is phlogiston | |
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| 1769 |
| | | Captain Cook observes in Tahiti the transit of Venus, the primary purpose of his voyage to the Pacific | |
|  | Hodges Tahiti Revisited (detail)
National Maritime Museum
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| 1773 |
| | | Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele isolates oxygen but does not immediately publish his achievement | |
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| 1774 |
| | | English chemist Joseph Priestley isolates oxygen, but he believes it to be 'dephlogisticated air' | |
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